3 mercapto 1 2 4 triazole

Strategic Applications of Sodium Diethyldithiocarbamate Trihydrate in Industrial Chemistry In the complex landscape of modern industrial chemistry, the demand for highly efficient and versatile chelating agents is ever-growing. Among these, sodium diethyldithiocarbamate trihydrate stands out as a pivotal compound, renowned for its exceptional capacity to form stable complexes with a wide array of heavy metal ions. This trihydrate form offers enhanced stability and ease of handling compared to its anhydrous counterpart, sodium diethyldithiocarbamate. With its CAS number 20624-25-3 , this chemical entity is not merely a reagent but a strategic solution deployed across critical sectors such as environmental protection, metallurgy, and advanced material synthesis. Its multifaceted utility stems from its robust chemical structure, enabling precise control over various industrial processes, from effluent detoxification to catalytic reactions. This article delves into the comprehensive aspects of this essential compound, exploring its manufacturing intricacies, technical specifications, diverse application scenarios, and the compelling advantages it offers. We aim to provide B2B decision-makers and technical engineers with a thorough understanding, bolstered by industry data, expert insights, and practical case studies, ensuring an informed perspective on leveraging this powerful chemical for operational excellence and environmental compliance. Industry Trends and Market Dynamics for Dithiocarbamates The global market for dithiocarbamate derivatives, including sodium diethyldithiocarbamate trihydrate , is experiencing steady growth, driven primarily by stringent environmental regulations concerning heavy metal discharge and the expanding needs of the mining and rubber industries. Projections indicate a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) in the range of 4-6% for heavy metal chelating agents over the next five years, fueled by industrialization in emerging economies and increasing awareness of water quality. Environmental Remediation: The escalating global focus on industrial wastewater treatment and soil remediation remains the primary driver. Countries worldwide are implementing stricter effluent standards, pushing industries to adopt more effective heavy metal precipitants and chelators. Mining Sector Expansion: As mineral extraction continues globally, the demand for effective flotation agents to separate valuable minerals from ores, particularly for sulfide minerals, continues to rise. Rubber and Polymer Additives: The unique properties of dithiocarbamates as vulcanization accelerators and anti-oxidants ensure their sustained demand in the tire and general rubber goods manufacturing. Analytical Chemistry Advancements: Continuous innovation in analytical techniques requires highly specific and sensitive reagents, where sodium diethyldithiocarbamate trihydrate plays a crucial role in spectrophotometric and chromatographic methods for trace metal analysis. Technological advancements are also fostering the development of more sustainable and cost-effective synthesis routes, alongside enhanced product purity and customized formulations to meet specific industrial requirements. This trend underscores the importance of reliable, high-quality suppliers in the supply chain. Manufacturing Process Flow of Sodium Diethyldithiocarbamate Trihydrate The synthesis of sodium diethyldithiocarbamate trihydrate (C5H10NNaS2·3H2O) is a well-established chemical process, rooted in the reaction of diethylamine, carbon disulfide, and a sodium base. The process is critical in ensuring the high purity and consistent quality essential for its industrial applications. Adherence to stringent manufacturing protocols and quality control measures is paramount. Process Steps: 1. Reagent Preparation and Metering: High-purity diethylamine (DEA), carbon disulfide (CS2), and an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) or sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) are precisely measured and prepared. Quality checks for raw materials (e.g., purity of DEA >99%, CS2 >99.9%) are conducted against ASTM D-2022 and other internal standards. 2. Reaction (Dithiocarbamate Formation): The reaction typically proceeds in a jacketed stainless steel reactor with efficient agitation. Diethylamine is introduced into a cooled aqueous solution of the sodium base. Carbon disulfide is then slowly added, maintaining a controlled temperature range (e.g., 0-10°C) to manage the exothermic reaction and prevent side product formation. This controlled environment ensures the formation of the sodium diethyldithiocarbamate intermediate. (C2H5)2NH + CS2 + NaOH --> (C2H5)2NCSSNa + H2O 3. Filtration and Purification: After the reaction is complete, the crude product solution may undergo filtration to remove any insoluble impurities. Further purification steps, such as activated carbon treatment, might be employed to enhance product purity and remove trace organic contaminants. 4. Crystallization and Hydration: The purified solution is then subjected to controlled crystallization. Cooling and concentration of the solution facilitate the precipitation of sodium diethyldithiocarbamate trihydrate . Precise control over temperature and residence time is crucial to achieve the desired crystal size and morphology. The trihydrate form naturally crystallizes under ambient conditions when water is present. 5. Washing and Drying: The crystalline product is separated from the mother liquor, typically via centrifugation or filtration, and then washed with a suitable solvent (e.g., deionized water) to remove residual impurities. The final product is dried under controlled conditions (e.g., vacuum drying at low temperatures) to achieve the specified moisture content and prevent degradation. 6. Quality Control and Packaging: Each batch undergoes rigorous quality control testing in accordance with ISO 9001:2015 standards, ASTM methods, and customer-specific requirements. Parameters such as purity (HPLC), moisture content (Karl Fischer), heavy metal content (ICP-MS), pH, and appearance are verified. The finished product is then packaged in airtight, moisture-resistant container111s to preserve its stability and service life. The robust manufacturing process ensures that the resulting sodium diethyldithiocarbamate trihydrate exhibits excellent stability, high purity, and consistent performance, making it suitable for demanding industrial applications in target industries like petrochemical, metallurgy, and water supply & drainage. The emphasis on quality at each stage guarantees energy-saving efficiency and superior corrosion resistance when deployed in appropriate scenarios. Technical Specifications and Performance Parameters The efficacy of sodium diethyldithiocarbamate trihydrate in industrial applications is underpinned by its precise technical specifications. Understanding these parameters is crucial for optimal selection and deployment, especially for engineers and procurement specialists dealing with stringent performance requirements. Key Physical and Chemical Properties: Chemical Name: Sodium diethyldithiocarbamate trihydrate Synonyms: SDDC Trihydrate; DEDTC Sodium Trihydrate CAS Number: 20624-25-3 Chemical Formula: C 5 H 10 NNaS 2 ·3H 2 O Molecular Weight: 225.30 g/mol Appearance: White to off-white crystalline powder Odor: Slight amine odor Solubility: Highly soluble in water, ethanol; moderately soluble in methanol. Insoluble in non-polar solvents. Stability: Stable under normal storage conditions; hygroscopic. Decomposes at higher temperatures. Product Specification Table: Parameter Typical Specification Test Method Purity (as C5H10NNaS2·3H2O) ≥ 98.0% HPLC Moisture Content 20.0 - 24.0% Karl Fischer pH (1% aqueous solution) 9.0 - 11.0 Electrometric Heavy Metals (as Pb) ≤ 10 ppm ICP-MS Chloride (Cl-) ≤ 0.1% Titration Insolubles in Water ≤ 0.05% Gravimetric Visual representation of quality control in the production of sodium diethyldithiocarbamate trihydrate . These specifications ensure that sodium diethyldithiocarbamate trihydrate from reputable manufacturers consistently delivers high performance, critical for applications where reliability and purity are non-negotiable. Certifications like ISO 9001 and REACH compliance further affirm the authoritativeness and trustworthiness of the product's quality. Diverse Application Scenarios The versatility of sodium diethyldithiocarbamate trihydrate makes it an indispensable chemical in numerous industrial sectors. Its powerful chelating capabilities are central to its broad utility, addressing critical challenges from environmental protection to material science. Wastewater Treatment (Environmental Protection): This is arguably the most critical application. Sodium diethyldithiocarbamate trihydrate is highly effective in removing a wide range of heavy metal ions, including copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and mercury (Hg), from industrial effluents. It forms insoluble metal dithiocarbamate complexes that can be easily precipitated and separated, ensuring compliance with stringent discharge limits. This contributes significantly to energy saving by reducing the need for more complex, energy-intensive separation methods. Mining and Metallurgy (Flotation Reagent): In the mining industry, especially for sulfide ores (e.g., copper, lead, zinc), sodium diethyldithiocarbamate acts as an effective flotation collector. It selectively binds to the surface of desired mineral particles, making them hydrophobic and enabling their separation from gangue material through froth flotation. Its selectivity and efficacy enhance mineral recovery rates. Rubber and Polymer Industries (Vulcanization Accelerator/Antioxidant): As a potent accelerator for sulfur vulcanization of natural and synthetic rubbers, particularly for ultra-accelerated systems. It enhances the cross-linking process, improving the mechanical properties, durability, and service life of rubber products. It also functions as an antioxidant, protecting rubber from degradation. Analytical Chemistry (Reagent for Metal Analysis): Due to its strong chelating properties, it is widely used as a spectrophotometric reagent for the quantitative analysis of trace heavy metals, forming colored complexes that can be easily detected. It's also employed in extraction procedures for pre-concentration of metal ions prior to techniques like AAS or ICP-MS. Pharmaceutical and Chemical Synthesis: It serves as an intermediate in the synthesis of various organic compounds, including certain pharmaceuticals and agricultural chemicals (e.g., fungicides). Its ability to act as a ligand in transition metal catalysis is also explored in specialized synthetic routes. These diverse applications underscore its critical role in facilitating efficient and environmentally responsible industrial operations globally. The compound's robust performance translates directly into economic advantages and enhanced operational sustainability for end-users. Technical Advantages and Performance Benefits The selection of sodium diethyldithiocarbamate trihydrate over alternative compounds is often driven by its distinct technical advantages and the tangible performance benefits it delivers across various industrial applications. High Chelation Efficiency: It exhibits strong affinity for a broad spectrum of heavy metals, forming highly stable, insoluble complexes even at low concentrations. This ensures comprehensive metal removal, critical for compliance. Rapid Reaction Kinetics: The chelation process is fast, allowing for quicker treatment times in wastewater applications and more efficient processing in metallurgy. This contributes to energy saving by optimizing process flow. Broad pH Operability: Effective across a wide pH range (typically 4-10), reducing the need for extensive pH adjustment, which simplifies process management and reduces chemical consumption. Enhanced Stability (Trihydrate Form): The trihydrate form offers superior stability during storage and handling compared to anhydrous forms or other dithiocarbamates, mitigating degradation and ensuring a longer service life and consistent reactivity. Reduced Sludge Volume: Compared to traditional precipitation agents like hydroxides, dithiocarbamates often lead to more compact and dewaterable sludge, reducing disposal costs and simplifying waste management. Corrosion Resistance Benefits: In certain applications, particularly within the petrochemical sector, dithiocarbamate derivatives can form protective films on metal surfaces, offering a degree of corrosion resistance in challenging environments. Versatility: Its ability to function as a chelator, flotation agent, and accelerator makes it a versatile chemical, simplifying procurement and inventory management for multi-faceted operations. These advantages collectively contribute to operational efficiency, cost reduction, and environmental stewardship, positioning sodium diethyldithiocarbamate trihydrate as a preferred choice for discerning industrial clients. Vendor Comparison and Selection Criteria Choosing the right supplier for sodium diethyldithiocarbamate trihydrate is as crucial as understanding the product itself. In a competitive market, focusing on key vendor attributes ensures consistent product quality, reliable supply, and comprehensive support. Criterion Description Why it Matters for SDDTC Procurement Product Purity & Consistency Verifiable purity levels (e.g., >98%) and batch-to-batch consistency. Ensures optimal performance in critical applications like heavy metal removal; prevents process upsets due to variable quality. Certifications & Compliance ISO 9001 (Quality Management), ISO 14001 (Environmental Management), REACH registration, FDA compliance (if applicable). Demonstrates authoritativeness, commitment to quality, and adherence to international regulatory standards, building trustworthiness. Technical Support & Expertise Availability of technical specialists for application guidance, troubleshooting, and optimization. Critical for maximizing product efficiency and solving complex industrial challenges, reflecting vendor's expertise and experience. Supply Chain Reliability & Lead Time Robust global logistics, transparent lead times, and contingency planning. Guarantees continuous operation without stockouts, crucial for high-volume industrial processes. Customization Capabilities Ability to offer tailored purity, particle size, or packaging solutions. Addresses specific, unique operational requirements and optimizes chemical usage for niche applications. Cost-Effectiveness & Value Competitive pricing alongside high quality and comprehensive service. Ensures a strong return on investment, considering total cost of ownership rather than just initial purchase price. Partnerships with vendors exhibiting strong R&D capabilities and a track record of consistent product quality, like those holding an experience of over 15 years in chemical manufacturing and servicing numerous global clients, are invaluable. Such vendors not only supply chemicals but provide solutions, strengthening the trustworthiness of the supply chain. Customized Solutions with Sodium Diethyldithiocarbamate Trihydrate Recognizing that "one size does not fit all" in complex industrial processes, leading suppliers offer tailored solutions utilizing sodium diethyldithiocarbamate trihydrate . These customizations can significantly enhance efficiency, reduce waste, and optimize performance for specific client needs. Adjusted Purity Levels: For highly sensitive applications (e.g., in pharmaceutical intermediates or advanced material synthesis), ultra-high purity grades of sodium diethyldithiocarbamate can be provided, with trace impurity profiles meticulously controlled. Conversely, for bulk industrial applications like wastewater treatment where cost-efficiency is paramount, slightly lower, yet still effective, purity grades might be available. Particle Size Optimization: Depending on the application, specific particle sizes can be engineered. Finer powders might be preferred for rapid dissolution and reaction kinetics in aqueous systems, while coarser granules could be beneficial for minimizing dust and improving handling in certain dry blending operations. Customized Packaging: From small laboratory-grade container111s to large bulk bags (e.g., 25 kg bags, 500 kg jumbo bags), packaging can be adapted to align with client's operational scale, storage capabilities, and safety protocols. This includes special moisture-barrier packaging for its hygroscopic nature. Formulation Blends: In some instances, sodium diethyldithiocarbamate trihydrate can be blended with other chemicals or additives to create a multi-functional product. For example, a blend designed for specific wastewater matrices might incorporate pH buffers or flocculants to improve overall treatment efficiency. Technical Consultation for Application Development: Experienced suppliers offer in-depth technical consultation to help clients develop novel applications or optimize existing processes, providing invaluable expertise and experience. These bespoke solutions highlight a vendor's commitment to partnership and problem-solving, moving beyond mere product supply to truly integrate with a client's operational goals. Application Case Studies: Real-World Impact The practical effectiveness of sodium diethyldithiocarbamate trihydrate is best illustrated through its successful deployment in various industrial scenarios. These case studies demonstrate its value and the tangible benefits it brings to clients. Case Study 1: Heavy Metal Removal in Electroplating Wastewater An electroplating facility was struggling to meet increasingly strict discharge limits for copper (Cu) and nickel (Ni) in their wastewater, with concentrations often exceeding 5 ppm. Traditional hydroxide precipitation was insufficient, requiring significant pH adjustment and producing large volumes of difficult-to-dewater sludge. Upon integrating sodium diethyldithiocarbamate trihydrate as a secondary treatment step, dosed at 50 ppm, the facility observed a dramatic reduction in metal concentrations. Copper levels consistently dropped below 0.1 ppm, and nickel below 0.2 ppm, well within regulatory compliance. Furthermore, the generated sludge was more compact and easier to dewater, leading to a 30% reduction in sludge disposal costs. The process also required less pH adjustment, demonstrating significant energy saving and operational simplicity, validating the compound's superior chelating power. Case Study 2: Enhancing Flotation Efficiency in a Copper Mine A large-scale copper mining operation faced challenges with low recovery rates of chalcopyrite (copper iron sulfide) in their froth flotation circuits, particularly from complex ore bodies. Existing collectors were not providing optimal selectivity and recovery. After consulting with a chemical supplier specializing in mining reagents, the mine implemented sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (specifically, the trihydrate form for ease of handling and dissolution) at a controlled dosage of 20 g/ton of ore. This resulted in a measurable increase in copper recovery by 2.5%, translating into substantial economic gains due to the high volume of ore processed. The improved selectivity also led to a higher-grade concentrate, reducing downstream processing costs. This case highlights the experience and technical expertise brought by specialized chemical solutions. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) about Sodium Diethyldithiocarbamate Trihydrate Q: What is the primary difference between sodium diethyldithiocarbamate and sodium diethyldithiocarbamate trihydrate ? A: The primary difference lies in their hydration state. The trihydrate form (C5H10NNaS2·3H2O, CAS 20624-25-3 ) contains three molecules of water of crystallization, which generally makes it more stable, easier to handle, and less prone to caking compared to the anhydrous sodium diethyldithiocarbamate, especially in humid environments. Its molecular weight is higher due to the water content. Q: Is sodium diethyldithiocarbamate trihydrate safe to use in water treatment? A: When handled according to safety data sheets (SDS) and applied within recommended dosage limits, it is considered safe and highly effective for heavy metal removal in industrial wastewater. Its usage often leads to cleaner water, reducing environmental impact. Proper personal protective equipment (PPE) and ventilation are always recommended. Q: What heavy metals can sodium diethyldithiocarbamate trihydrate effectively remove? A: It is highly effective in chelating and precipitating a wide range of heavy metals including copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), arsenic (As), and chromium (Cr). Q: How does the purity of sodium diethyldithiocarbamate trihydrate impact its performance? A: Higher purity translates directly to better performance, especially in sensitive applications. Impurities can reduce chelating efficiency, introduce unwanted side reactions, or affect the stability of the final product. A reputable supplier will provide clear purity specifications and test data. Lead Time, Warranty, and Customer Support At Moneidechem, we prioritize not just the quality of our sodium diethyldithiocarbamate trihydrate but also the seamless experience for our B2B clients, from order to post-purchase support. Our commitment to excellence is reflected in our robust operational frameworks. Lead Time & Fulfillment: We maintain an optimized global supply chain to ensure efficient order processing and delivery. Standard lead times for sodium diethyldithiocarbamate trihydrate typically range from 7-14 business days for domestic shipments and 3-6 weeks for international orders, depending on destination and order volume. For urgent requirements, expedited shipping options are available. Clients are provided with real-time tracking and dedicated logistics support. Warranty Commitments: All products, including sodium diethyldithiocarbamate trihydrate , are supplied with a comprehensive product quality warranty, guaranteeing adherence to the specified technical parameters (e.g., purity, moisture content, heavy metals) as per our Certificate of Analysis (CoA). In the unlikely event of product non-conformance, we offer a replacement or credit, subject to our detailed warranty policy and claims procedure, reinforcing our trustworthiness. Customer Support: Our dedicated customer support team and technical specialists are available to assist with product inquiries, application guidance, troubleshooting, and order support. We provide extensive pre-sales consultation and robust after-sales service, including technical documentation, safety data sheets (SDS), and expert advice to ensure optimal product integration and performance for your specific needs. Our support is available via phone, email, and dedicated online portals, ensuring that your experience with 20624-25-3 is always exceptional. Authoritative References International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book"). Compiled by A. D. McNaught and A. Wilkinson. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford (1997). Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Methods for the Determination of Metals in Environmental Samples. EPA/600/R-94/111. Office of Research and Development, Washington, DC (1994). Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Guidelines for elemental impurities in drug products. (ICH Q3D). U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (2016). ISO 9001:2015 Quality management systems — Requirements. International Organization for Standardization (2015). Wang, J., & Lin, C. (2014). Dithiocarbamate-functionalized materials for heavy metal removal from aqueous solutions: A review. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 276, 269-281. Akesson, B., et al. (1998). Dithiocarbamates in Analytical Chemistry. Pure and Applied Chemistry, 70(1), 1-14.